Sunday, December 4, 2022

The Dojo's Top Ten Films that Encapsulate 2022

 



INTRODUCTION

            As another year ends, it is time for The Sociologist’s Dojo to rattle off the top ten Sociological films of the year. As with the last two years, I’ve decided to once again, give readers a list of 10 events of the year that can be encapsulated in film. Again, this is not an exhaustive list of events, nor even the ones that are “The Most Sociological.”  Instead, this is to provide an accounting of some of the noteworthy happenings of 2022 and the films that epitomize their essence; either directly or tangentially. With each event, I will provide a brief explanation, followed by how the film(s) relate to each incident. This list is obviously limited by personal bias, the films I have seen, and my own specialties in Sociology.

            2022 saw a lot of violence and death, whether by assassination, old age, war, or mass murder. There was also a rise of new plagues, economic destabilization, inept police, even more inept billionaires, the sustained assault of inflation, and the elimination of federal protections on women’s bodies. It has been a heck of a year, and upon this yearly retrospective, may this curated list provide thought provoking pause and wry/gallous humor simultaneously. Watch these films if you haven’t already, and if you are feeling nostalgic for 2022, watch these films in this curated order with the context provided. Enjoy!

 

10)   James Webb Telescope: Triple Feature: 


Contact (1997)




Gravity (2013) 



and Interstellar (2014)

 


Importantly renamed “The Jelliscope, Welliscope, Space Telescope” by Dr. Liz Faber in a recent episode of The Sociologist’s Dojo Podcast due to James Webb’s known support of anti LGBTQ+ policies, the first images of the space telescope were widely circulated in 2022. These images gave us a greater since of our own futility and the vastness of space beyond our borders, while having the potential to have an equalizing effect on human rights. With such detailed images, the possibility of making everyone realize how precious life is, and how fleetingly insignificant humans are in the face of the sheer expanse of space, was possible. However, like a lot of other events that pass through social media, it gets experienced and then forgotten. We did not consider the magnitude of these images before they were shuffled aside to be commodified by placing them on posters, T-shirts, and other merchandise.

The triple feature of Contact, Gravity, and Interstellar truly encapsulates the dangers and the grandness of space itself. Each film looks at the dangers of space in a different way: from Contact’s relationship with Extraterrestrial life, which the government “sort of” confirmed was real in 2020, to the hazardous work environment of being in Space, with Alfonso Curron’s Gravity, due to a spectacular amount of space trash that surrounds our planet becoming so large that industry seems to be capitalizing on it.  Rounding out the three is Nolan’s Interstellar, a film I have already written about. The characters in that film look to the stars for their own survival without really knowing how they will achieve it. When you couple this narrative with the images of the space telescope reinvigorating talk of going to mars,  you can hopefully see the parallels. Finally, the films in this triple feature are also known to be “hard science” fiction, that treats space through a plausibly scientific lens, becoming an important prism of motivation if we continue exploring space, and possibly leading to space travel.  

 

9)   The assassination of Shinzo Abe:

The Master (2012)

 


 The assassination of Japanese Prime Minister, Shinzo Abe in July of 2022 shocked the world, but quickly moved in and out of the US media cycle. The alleged perpetrator, Tetsuya Yamagami shot Abe because of Abe’s ties to the Unification Church run by the Reverend Sun Myung Moon, and its policies of extreme tithing, which caused his mother to go into bankruptcy. The assassination caused the Japanese government to renounce the Church and threaten to expel any member of government that did not do the same.  The Church is anti-communist and for Korean unification. It has been supported by the US political right, with Former President Trump speaking to them in 2021.

There are many films that I considered to represent this 2022 event. First, I thought a political angle would be most important. Yet, the more I dug into the story, the more I realized that the actual story was about cults. To that end, I could have picked any number of fantastic films about cults: Wild Country, Martha Marcy Mae Marlene, and The Invitation; the latter being a part of the Blog’s Films of Karyn Kusama retrospective. I chose The Master, given the similarities with some of the rhetoric with the Unification Church, the Church of Scientology, and NXIVM founder Keith Raniere. Scientology founder David Miscavige being one of the models for Philip Seymour Hoffman’s character. Additionally, the devotion cult followers feel often leads to a set of behaviors and practices that have a very big wake. One of those waves can be bankruptcy and the giving up of worldly possessions. Those that are left behind, can be obviously upset, distraught and angry which can lead them to extremes. 

8)   The Death of Queen Elizabeth II:

The Queen (2006)

 


On Sept 8th 2022, Queen Elizabeth II died at the age of 96. One of the longest rules in modern history, the Reign of Queen Elizabeth went platinum, ruling for 70 years. Quiet and a fierce defender of her family’s perception by the public, Queen Elizabeth was a complexity. She, in her title and parentage, was a part of, and continued to oversee the maintenance of British colonialism and the segregated class of the Monarchy’s systemic spirit. Yet not only did she promote gender equality by being a jeep mechanic in WWII, but she oversaw elements of the decolonization movement in Africa and Australia. However, little is known how she truly felt about these matters as Queen Elizabeth usually kept her political and religious beliefs relatively secret.

The Queen, featuring Helen Mirren in her Oscar winning role, takes place over the weeks just after the death of Diana Princess of Wales in 1997. The film places particular emphasis over Elizabeth’s reaction to the news, and the social and political fallout of the events afterward. The dramatization takes specific care and attention to justify the Queen’s reluctance to join the public in the mourning of Diana, a point for which Queen Elizabeth was harshly criticized. While a lot of the humanizing of Elizabeth in The Queen was due to Mirren’s remarkable transformation and portrayal, the specific emphasis on Elizabeth’s justification for her reticence to grieve publicly, was steeped in the legacy of the Royal Family, a historical and cultural norm that she held based in her generation’s ideals of British privacy, emotional reservation, and stoicism; which, in both the film and reality, were no longer shared by her subjects, ultimately pointing to just how out of touch she was with her people.  
  

 

7)   Inflation Rate Hike:

Money For Nothing (2013)



 

            From the end of 2021- 2022 the overall costs of goods and services have increased by nearly 8 %. Almost all goods and services cost more now than it did a few years ago, with energy and food being the highest increases. Basic staples, like eggs and milk, are up between 14.5-43% while smart phones are down 22%. Over the last 18 months, the inflation rate has shot up by over half a percent. This means that middle income Americans are paying an average additional cost of $445 for the same goods they purchased last year. The Fed desires to keep inflation at a rate of 2%.

            The Global economy is one of the clearest indicators of the interconnected nature of all people. What happens in one part of the world, impacts everywhere else. The increase in energy costs is exacerbated by the Russian invasion of Ukraine (more on that later). While this is true, the way this cost is distributed, and whom it impacts the most, is largely out of consumers hands; left at the mercy of corporations and countries that set their prices to maintain profits, thereby passing the cost of inflation on to consumers, rather than eat the cost themselves. “That’s Capitalism!” In many sectors of the food industry, the hike in consumer products seem to have killed “the one-dollar deal”. However, one company, Arizona Tea, stands above the fray and shouts “We will hold the line at 99c.”. Yet, as a comic book fan I know these declarations can change pretty quickly.  

            The Film Money for Nothing is an intimate look at the workings of the federal reserve and their ability to set prices. The film takes people through the decisions and indecisions that led up to the 2008 financial crisis and its aftermath by which the fed was consumed. This documentary investigates the control of inflation and the overall mechanisms of the economy that need to be understood if we are going to try and change it.

 

 6)   Monkey Pox:

How to Survive a Plague (2012)

 


            Monkey Pox is a viral disease that is found in animals and can be transmitted to humans. First found in Monkeys in the Congo was the first cases of the virus being transmitted to humans in the 1970’s. Spread through bodily fluids or vigorous skin to skin contact, Monkey pox has become a second pandemic in as many years.  While the 2022 Monkey Pox outbreak was the second to hit the US (the first in 2003), it was the first incidence of widespread transmission out of Africa. In July 2022, the World Health Organization declared a public health emergency with 53,000 cases in 75 countries and territories.

            The film How to Survive a Plague chronicles the early days of the AIDS epidemic and the fight to transform an AIDS diagnosis from a death sentence to a manageable condition. This film is relevant because of the similarities in the social response between Monkey Pox and AIDS. Both diseases are used in the scapegoating of the LGBTQ+ community, particularly gay men, as its source. While this is false, it is an echo of the violence and bigotry steeped in homophobia that the community has a long history with (as indicated by this film choice). Because of this dehumanization in both crises,  the LGBTQ+ community has remained ever vigilant and developed information and practices to protect themselves, often being more informed than local authorities and other community groups. This is because history taught them that no one will help save them if they don’t save themselves.

 

5)   Musk Buys Twitter: Cosmopolis (2012)



            The saga of Elon Musk’s takeover of the social media platform Twitter is too long to go into in its entirety. However, the process ran from April 2022- October 2022, Beginning with Musk’s use of twitter, and criticizing its operation. Musk decided to buy Twitter because of a false consciousness about free speech on the platform that he perceives should be a freedom of consequences, (erroneously believing those are the same thing) in addition to getting more followers and attention. But when the Twitter board introduced a “poison pill” provision to prevent a hostile takeover by Musk (so that he couldn’t just dismantle and sell off the parts of the company to other buyers), Musk tried to get out of the deal by threatening to walk away. However, when he realized he couldn’t walk away without severe financial losses, ultimately acquiesced, and completed the deal. The fallout of Musk buying Twitter is still ongoing. Upon hearing of his taking control of Twitter both users and advertisers have begun to flee to other social networks like Mastodon and Hive. Since Musk became CEO, Twitter has lost more than a million users, and half of its top 100 advertisers.

            The movie parallel for this dumpster fire is the David Cronenberg neo noir, Cosmopolis starring Robert Pattinson. Set in one “location” the film follows a young billionaire in the back of a limousine as he drives round town, meeting with people after having made a poor financial decision. The slow unraveling of Pattinson’s world as the day progresses, fits the delicious turmoil that Musk finds himself in now; firing half of the workforce (including ones who criticized him) and pitching various schemes to be able to pay the 1 billion dollars in interest he owes every year, henceforth.

 

4)   The 2022 Midterms: Man of the Year (2006)



            The events leading up to the 2022 midterms were dire for Democrats and the political left. Often considered a referendum on the current administration, the expectations for the Midterms in the beginning were decidedly bleak with many conservative pundits and elected officials prophesizing a “red wave” or “red tsunami” that would take back control in the Senate and further solidify their dominance in the House. This did not happen. Many on the right blamed the unwillingness to distance themselves from Donald Trump, while others believed that it was the inclusion of Gen Z voters and the overturning of Roe (more on that later) that calmed the tide.

            Our politics have become a circus clown show (and not the fun kind where we get Lord Buckethead). There is an eerie quality to the way that Barry Sonnenfeld’s political satire, Man of the Year starring Robin Williams mirrors real life: Lack of Confidence in voting machines, and a celebrity host wins the presidency. Yet, where our political reality tests the levels of hell of Dante’s Inferno, Sonnenfeld’s film is far more benevolent, dismantling the circus before it does real damage. We need to always speak truth to power, unfortunately that voice gets muzzled the minute that power is achieved.

3)   Mass Shootings Uvalde and Club Q:Double Feature

Newtown (2016) 



 Licensed to Kill (1997)


On May 24, 2022, a gunmen entered Robb Elementary school unimpeded, with an AR style rifle. He shut himself in two adjoining classrooms and was not engaged with for over an hour. In that time, the shooter was able to kill 19 children and 2 teachers. Off duty border patrol agents bypassed the local police, entered the room, and killed the suspect.  In the intervening hour plus, when the gunman was not engaged, the Uvalde police department cordoned off the area, kept civilian parents back from entering the building to rescue their children, and then waited for more personnel, and military style weapons, before the breach was made.

            On Nov 10-11, 2022, a mass shooting took place at Club Q, an LGBTQ+ bar. The gunman killed 5 people and injured 25 others. This comes on the heels of a rise in anti- LGBTQ+ rhetoric and violence, specifically occurring in the Colorado Springs area where Club Q was considered a safe haven. The act was perpetrated on the eve of Transgender Day of Remembrance when the names and lives of those Trans identified people who’ve died (many by murder or suicide) are honored.    

I’ve already written about the Uvalde shooting and the cowardice, lack of communication, and overall incompetence of the Uvalde police department in my recent essay on Masculinity and violence.  The same analysis can be used on the Club Q shooting because of the ties our society makes between heterosexuality and masculinity. The perpetrator having experienced their own masculine reinforced homophobic bullying continued the cycle of violence at Club Q.

The two films that stand out that can give the audience some semblance of the atmosphere of these two mass shootings are the documentary about the Sandyhook school shooting titled Newtown (2016), and the documentary about LGBTQAI+ murders, Licensed to Kill (1997).[1] Both of these films show that these conditions and events in 2022 are not novel. It is important to remember that history does not repeat itself…but it rhymes.

 

 2)   Russian invasion of Ukraine: 

Come and See (1985)


            On Feb 22nd, 2022, Russian forces invaded the sovereign State of Ukraine in an escalation of their conflict that began in 2014. Since the occupation and resistance has begun, tens of thousands on both sides have died, communities bombed, and global economies have been disrupted. Putin originally stating that the invasion was to “De-nazify” Ukraine in a thinly veiled, impossibly transparent attempt at disguising these war crimes as just and heroic. The act has received wide international condemnation and The International Criminal Court has begun an investigation into these Russian actions.

            Elem Kilmov’s brutal vision of the Russian resistance against the Nazi’s in WWII, Come and See, follows a young Belarusian boy as he witnesses the horrors of war. The film is remarkable in the way that it takes the initial enthusiasm the protagonist has for war and violence, (having been romanticized by masculine propaganda), but through his experiences, has his whole worldview on war completely upended. We the audience, are surrogate bystanders to the death of his childhood, as we watch him become a hollowed out emotionless husk of a person by films end.

    

1)      Supreme Court overturning of Roe v. Wade: Happening (2021)


The political gridlock of the last 15 years has made legislating difficult for either party. Yet, due to court packing practices of Goblin King Mitch McConnell, the Conservative Republican agenda can now be pushed forward through the Judicial system. This was made clear when, in May of 2022, a leaked draft memo of the upcoming Dobbs decision indicated that the Conservative majority court was going to overturn Roe on the basis that the privacy distinction (that was used to identify access) was no longer valid. This would lead to immediate implementation of 15 state “trigger bans” that were put in conservative states once Federal protections were lifted on June 24th, 2022. Rather than codify access into federal law or allow for abortions to still take place on protected federal lands, the Democratic party used this as a political weapon to help them in the mid-terms and presumably 2024. Additionally, because the dismantling of Roe was done through the privacy provision, many other social justice protections could now be threatened, such as gay and interracial Marriage, and access to contraception. However, yesterday as of this writing, the Congress has codified Interracial Marriages into law. Though, prior to that, we all knew this protection was not in danger so long as Clarence Thomas still sits upon the Court.      

Happening, set in anti- abortion 1960’s France, follows the story of a woman’s Odyssey to acquire an abortion. Secret meetings, traveling long distances, and back-alley rendezvouses pepper this harrowing journey of reclaiming one’s identity after what could very well be a death sentence. This is the situation millions of women now find themselves in 60 years later in the US. The film really ratchets up the tension forcing the audience to sit with the protagonist’s increasing desperation as the time limit to get the procedure approaches. The film conveys the protagonist’s feelings of simultaneous relief and horror when the procedure is complete with such empathy, that it feels like an Oracle.

 


CONCLUSION       

Thus, I look out, on the precipice of another year on the horizon, with a minor sense of personal hope that absolutely, positively… does not extend to the mezzo or macro level(s). Our institutions are crumbling, there is an acrimonious stalemate in Congress while the current “Yolo Supreme Court” is eroding federal protections and undermining constitutional rights. There is not much to be thankful for on that level, which is why it is essential for us to find love and joy wherever we find it. Whether that be among our family, friends, spouses, partners and ‘others of significance’, we cannot count on happiness coming from anyone other than inside and around all of us. I leave you with the regeneration of the 13th Doctor into their 14th incarnation. May we all transform ourselves for the coming celebrations and challenges ahead. See you all in 2023!   

  




[1] This is not a Steven Segal film. I REPEAT THIS IS NOT THE STEVEN SEGAL FILM OF THE SAME NAME


Sunday, November 6, 2022

The Films of Karyn Kusama: Aeon Flux



                The second film in my Analysis of The Films of Karyn Kusama is the dystopian dialectical sci fi flop Aeon Flux.  Adapted from the series of the same name, this film version was a chance for Kusama to prove her grit by successfully helming a big budget studio film of a beloved property, while showing that such adaptations can be developed with an arthouse flair, years before the concept was a known commodity. Unfortunately, the film was not created nor received in the spirit of the original film pitch, nor its source material. This paper seeks to understand the historical context in which these decisions were made, while looking at the sociological concepts of the film, and the consequences of the film’s fallout, which impacted Kusama longer than her fellow male directors.

 


PLOT

In 2415, a soldier in a rebel faction against its Orwellian government attempts to assassinate their dictator. Finding that she is uncharacteristically unwilling and unable to complete the mission, Aeon Flux (Theron), searches for answers and uncovers the truth about life and death; a secret that threatens to shake the last human city of Bregna down to its core.  Alienated from both the Government and the rebels, Aeon Flux must make unlikely allies in hopes for survival for herself and the rest of humanity.

 


HISTORICAL CONTEXT

            Source Material

            The original Aeon Flux was a post-apocalyptic sci-fi adult animation created and directed by Peter Chung. The plot centered around the warring factions of the last two human cities: Monica and Bregna. Where Bregna was a totalitarian nightmare of rigid order, Monica was based on anarchistic hedonism. The series follows Aeon through various missions to ultimately kill the sovereign leader, Trevor Goodchild. Not only were Aeon and Trevor constructed as the typical protagonists and antagonists, but also their opposite, the exception to their identity and skill set. Aeon, a master assassin, and warrior can do anything, except kill Treavor. Treavor, a Brilliant Scientist, and military tactician, can have anything he wants, except the thing he wants the most, which is Aeon.  Each encounter between them played on this tension leading to sex, betrayal, and violence, often all three at the same time. Throughout the shorts and the series, the audience vacillates their allegiances from Aeon to Treavor and back again; highlighting that they are both despicable people in pursuit of their own goal(s).  

             The series was originally presented as a combination of shorts and a limited series broadcasted by MTV as apart of their “Liquid Television” line up from 1991-1995.  This series, especially the original shorts, captivated the attention of viewers because of the animation’s fluid and BDSM influenced sexuality and violence.  Because Chung never desired an adaptation of his work, most of the shorts included the death of Aeon, which confused the audience as to how the stories were being told, for even though Aeon seemed to die, the story still progressed, sometimes continuing with Aeon, and sometimes with other soldiers. It was eventually revealed/retconned that both cities had invented and implemented cloning technology and used it against their enemy.

Marketed and chiefly consumed by Generation X, (1964-1980) Aeon Flux, the series, was one of the few at the time that had a broader perspective on war and violence that mirrored the anti-war, cold war despair felt by the latchkey kids of pro capitalist Boomers. In the first short, as Aeon Flux runs through a factory indiscriminately murdering all of the soldiers in her path, the story leaves her and makes the audience sit in the carnage that she created. In the aftermath, gravely wounded soldiers find each other and spend their last few moments together before dying of their injuries. The short continues following the crew tasked with cleaning up the massacre and return everything to Bregna’s pristine totalitarian order.  This is one of the first US animated series with a clear anti-authoritarian message, forcing the audience to sit in the inevitable collateral damage of war of which Gen X were so emboldened to resist. It was a perfect counter cultural moment for the quintessential dissonant generation.




Production.

First announced in 2003, the film was the brainchild of Shelly Lansing at Paramount Pictures. She brought on Karyn Kusama just after her brilliant debut in Girlfight. In the beginning, Kusama’s indie female focused sensibilities seem to be in lock step with the animated characterization of Aeon, and the characterization and tone Lansing was going for… and she was hoping to reteam Kusama with Michelle Rodriguez in the titular role. The role eventually went to Charlize Theron coming off of her Oscar win for Monster, adding even more indie drama credibility. Yet, regardless of executive enthusiasm, and the acquisition of award-winning director and star, the film became fraught with problems that plagued the film from all aspects of production.

The first hiccup came when Kusama began to scout locations for the bulk of the shoot.  Kusama’s initial choice of location was Brasilia, Brazil; believing it to fit the aesthetic of Bregna. This was summarily rejected by the studio citing both the expense and the unsubstantiated belief that the city could not sustain the budget and scope of the production. Given that this was Kusama’s second film, and first studio picture, she did not have the clout to make a final decision on the matter. Like many indie directors on their sophomore outing, they have to prove themselves to be “bankable” to a studio. Therefore, many directors in this position are ostensibly directors-for-hire because of how little impact and input they have on the film. This became apparent the deeper Aeon Flux went into production.

The next hiccup came during principal photography. After reading a copy of the script, Peter Chung, publicly denounced the adaptation, saying that “[He] did not see Aeon in this film.” To his point, the writers of Aeon Flux, Phill Hay and Matt Manfredi, were the same writers behind award winning hits like RIPD (the Ryan Reynolds Jeff Bridges travesty about a supernatural police force) and Ride Along (the buddy movie starring Ice Cube and Kevin Hart). Yet, chagriningly, this is also the writing team for most of Kusama’s body of work (except Girlfight and Jennifer’s Body). Kusama met Hay during production and were married a year later. To square this cognitive dissonance, one must take into consideration their entire collaborative body of work. In that context, aside from this film, which Kusama had little control over, by far the best stuff that Hay and Manfredi have written, has been with Kusama.  This could be due to the chemistry and unlikely symmetry between Kusama and Hay, that they just understand each other so completely that it elevates their work. Or, more likely, it was less an equally collaborative affair, and more Kusama’s influence on their future writing partnership.

The third and final hiccup, and one that signaled the film’s asphyxiation, came during postproduction. During the editing of the film, producer Shelly Lansing, the biggest champion of Kusama’s vision for the film, left the company and was replaced by Donald Doline. After the first round of edits, Donald Doline left and was replaced by Brad Gray and Gayle Brenneman. Thus, because production companies are motivated by profits, each new producer took the film away from Kusama and heavily edited it. Of Kusama’s 105-minute R-Rated cut, Gray and Breneman eventually created a 71-minute PG-13 film to try and widen the market for the film’s release. After the producer cut got horribly reviewed at a preview screening, they brought Kusama back to re-cut the film, but exclusively NOT to her original vision. It was because of this experience that Kusama now demands final cut on all her projects, even if it means a pay cut.

Unbeknownst to Kusama at the time, the unraveling of Aeon Flux was a symptom of Corporate Capitalism. In 2002-2005, the production time of the film, Viacom, the parent company of Paramount, was going through massive restructuring; splitting, and merging various parts of themselves to avoid repeating anti-trust litigation they once faced in 1948. Because of this, executives were moved around in a shell game of corporate responsibilities and profit consolidation.  Yet, in this profit driven system, many of these new executives, to show their value and worth to the company, came up with new ideas and edits for the films under their purview, while ignoring what their predecessors did; regardless of if the ideas were good or not. This reinforces the importance of context in pop culture criticism, lest we forget that the film is a product of the conditions under which it was made. Thus, it should be no surprise that a film like Aeon Flux was created at a time of greed and corporate malfeasance.   


 


SOCIAL ANALYSIS       

            Kusama being a “hired gun” on Aeon Flux resulted in a lot of the socially relevant and sociological themes that will be consistent across her later work, to be sparse here and muddled in their presentation.  A lot of the interesting ideas that this film touches on, are not well conceived or given much weight, even though they are the central foundation for the setting of the film. Thus, this film attempts to touch on fascism, totalitarianism, bodies and their biopower without conscientiously engaging with them.

 

            Totalitarian Dystopia

            Aeon Flux, like a lot of sci-fi films take the imagery and the rhetoric of Orwell’s 1984 as a shorthand for despotic futurism. Yet, these films often only use that imagery as window dressing rather than conducting a thorough interrogation. In this context, Orwell’s 1984 is dime store Max Weber with a sprinkling of C. Wright Mills.

According to Kelner (1984)[1]  The differences between Orwell and Weber are subtle, but present:

Unlike Max Weber, Orwell does not conceive of bureaucracy as containing its own dynamics, its own rationality, or its own contradictions. Consequently, especially in 1984, Orwell reinforces the predominantly conservative-individualist vision that the state and bureaucracy per se are repressive and serve to concentrate power in a bureaucratic caste. For Orwell, power and the will to power are depicted as the prime goal of a bureaucratic society and the primary motivation for party bureaucrats. Power is not a means but is an end in itself, the end or telos of at least the political elite's individual and societal behavior. Revolution, in this picture, is primarily a project of seizing power and establishing a new class of party bureaucrats whose primary goal is maintaining their own power.  For Max Weber, by contrast, bureaucracy contained a certain amount of logic and rationality and was part of a process of rationalization and modernization which produced at least some social benefits and progress (i.e. rational calculation, predictability, law, governance by rules rather than force, etc.)

Whereas Orwell narratively constructs a Bureaucracy as a conscious enemy of the people, and a focal point for revolution away from it, Weber understands that a lot of social control is the most effective through noninvasive coercion, rather than direct oppression. Weber (2019) knew that direct oppression would increase the likelihood of resistance. To curb resistance, the bureaucracy traps individuals into an endless cycle of routines and standardized behavior, the Weberian “Iron Cage”, to make the people more pliable (Weber 2019).  For Orwell, the bureaucracy is a mustache twirling villain with morose machinations. Instead, Weber (2019) realizes that the true terror of a bureaucratic composition is in its banality, and apathy towards its prisoners. Because it is not about the people trapped, it is about the continuation of the system.

            The crux of the difference between an Orwellian narrative and a Weberian Perspective is that between an individualist and collectivist perspective. Orwell assumes that individual people desiring power are the driving force of the domination and oppression of the system. Weber, on the other hand, understands that systems, once developed and implemented, do not emphasize individuals beyond just a resource to keep the system operating.  The domination and oppression in the Weberian system is an afterthought of the mechanisms of control implemented upon individuals, to make society operate with calculably efficient rationality (Weber 2019). Upon closer examination, the common system that Orwell describes seems to fit more with C. Wright Mills idea of The Power Elite; a predatory system that keeps power in the hands of a few, while actively oppressing others. Yet, because Mills (1956) is a student of Weber, he does not place too much value in the importance of the individuals in power because they can be cycled out. The position within the institution of power is more important than who holds the seat.         

Bodies, Reproduction and Bio Power

The film’s revelation that the consciousness of the citizens in Bregna are recycled into different bodies as they age and die, points to the execution of Foucauldian Biopower over the populace. Biopower is the ability for individuals, organizations, or systems to have control over how a person experiences and defines their body (Foucault 1977). In a very direct sense, this can be expressed through controlling when people eat, sleep, use the restroom etc. This usually takes place in Total Institutions.

According to Goffman (1961):

A Total Institution is a particular type of social institution within the social order. This is a hybrid between a residential community and formal organization

Components[2]:

1)      All aspects of social life are conducted in the same place and under the same single authority

2)      Each phase of the member’s daily activity is in the immediate company of a large batch of others

3)      All activities are tightly scheduled

4)      All forced activities are brought together in a single rational plan to fulfill the aims of the institution.

5)      Person is often excluded from knowledge and decision regarding their fate.

 

Total institution’s control allows them to be easily harnessed by would-be or established dictators. This is accounted for in the film when Trevor Goodchild, the scientist that created the cure for the genocidal virus, became the ruler for over 400 years. In that time, the biopower he administered was a moratorium on natural pregnancy with an over reliance on cloning. This overreliance on cloning led to the fraying of recycled psyches resulting in developing madness and eventual death. However, Goodchild’s brother (an original character for the film to which all of Trevor’s “bad” qualities from the series could be grafted), believing that the totalitarian system is perfect, ultimately sabotages the reemergence of natural births through the murder of expectant mothers.

            The film’s antagonist exercising of biopower, to maintain the population, is of the very real social problem of the rollback of reproductive rights for women in the US. Outside of the directness the act of murder represents in the film, the general denial of natural births can be interestingly paralleled with the birth enforcement enacted in ½ of US states[3] after the overturning of Roe. in June of 2022. Just as the people of Bregna were forced to relive their lives and have their consciousness recycled through cloning (while openly eliminating natural births), so too are US women in ½ the states in the country forced to carry a child to term: regardless of the effect on the health of the mother, even rape survivors as young as 10,  nor the quality of life for the child after birth.  This parallel is just one of many made between current US politics and various examples of misogynistically despotic pop culture[4]in recent years; all of which should be met with alarm. Unfortunately, rather than get outraged at such an apt comparison, the result of this widely consumed and eerily prophetic form of entertainment is one of normalized acceptance rather than indignation. And, so long as our real politics do not exclusively copy the imagery of pop culture, they will be used as an unfair comparison; minimizing the impact of these decisions and shrouding the failure of allowing Supreme Court Justices to legislate from the bench to circumvent the democratic process. We will say “Well, at least its not exactly like Handmaid’s Tale.” Or more likely: “Those women Protesting in Handmaid’s outfits are embellishing/ being overly dramatic.  The US constant consumption of content has not only eroded our imaginations, but for comparisons to be considered apt in our culture, they must also be literal. Otherwise, the analogy is left open for criticism, especially a dismissal as hyperbole.

 

 

Hollywood double standards…no surprise.

            After the release and subsequent implosion of Aeon Flux, Karyn Kusama languished in “director jail” for years. This is a state of limbo filmmakers get put into after a notable or typically horrendous film is poorly received by both audiences and critics. Incarcerated directors are given few offers to direct projects, and any personal or independent projects they have will not gain traction.  Unfortunately, but to no one’s surprise, female directors often are given longer sentences than male directors. Since the patriarchy tends to see women in occupations to be niche, and therefore both being too specific and too general at the same time, the industry is unwilling to “take a chance” on another “female director.” Meanwhile, if male directors get sent to “jail” they often do not stay long, constantly giving many of them another shot. However, there has been an increasing trend of male directors being allowed  to fail upwards. In these situations, male directors don’t go to jail, they’re given the industry equivalent of diplomatic immunity. No matter what these director’s make, and regardless of how well their film is received they are given bigger budgets, more control, and greater desired IP.

This double standard exists because of the patriarchy valuing men and their perspective over any other. Therefore, men are given ample opportunities to express themselves, or if they make a mistake, correct their behavior by the simple “virtue” of being men. We see this in every industry from business executives, teachers, authors etc. In film, men are given near unlimited chances to succeed, and when their projects or personal proclivities fall short, meaning they turn out to be rapists, abusers and assaulters, there is a  codified redemption model  that they can follow to make their comeback. Mel Gibson, Robert Downey Jr. Aziz Ansari and Louis C. K. have all used it. Male directors are specifically lauded and exalted usually because at least one of their films are so revered that the director is later deified. Conversely, the reality for female directors is the opposite. If female directors make a well received well reviewed film, the industry automatically treats it like a fluke, and the female director will have to work twice as hard, and will be under greater scrutiny on their second, and any future projects.




CONCLUSION

Aeon Flux is not a good film. It has pacing issues, a thin story, regardless of the foundational source material, the action is full of wire work and edited quickly to hide poor choreography and the dialogue is atrocious. Sociologically, there are a lot of interesting things that this film touches on but does not delve into with any meaningful depth. None of the responsibility for this should have been laid at the feet of Karyn Kusama. It is not her fault, but she bared the brunt of the consequences; taking her another 4 years to be offered another film. Imagine if she was given another opportunity sooner than that, and what if she was encouraged to keep writing and directing her own work? It is another common story of Hollywood dispossessing another female Hollywood auteur in favor of the fraternal order of fragile filmmakers.       

 

REFERENCES

Foucault, Michel 1977. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison new York: Vintage Books

Goffman, Erving 1961. Asylums: Essays on the Social Situation of Mental Patients and Other Inmates. New York: Anchor Books

Kelner, Douglas 1984. “From 1984 to One-Dimensional Man: Critical Reflections on Orwell and Marcuse” Retrieved at https://pages.gseis.ucla.edu/faculty/kellner/Illumina%20Folder/kell13.htm Retrieved on 11/5/2022

Mills, C. Wright 2000. The Power Elite New York: Oxford University Press

Weber, Max 2019. Economy and Society: A New Translation Massachusetts, Harvard University Press

 

 



[2] Goffman (1961) Asylums

[3] (12 states Abortion is illegal, and in an additional 13 states, laws are openly hostile to abortion access) 

[4] The Handmaid’s Tale being the common example, and used often in protests